things

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Published: Apr 11, 2025 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 7 Imported by: 0

README

Things

Things service provides an HTTP API for managing platform resources: things and profiles. Through this API clients are able to do the following actions:

  • provision new things
  • create new profiles
  • "connect" things into the profiles

For an in-depth explanation of the aforementioned scenarios, as well as thorough understanding of Mainflux, please check out the official documentation.

Configuration

The service is configured using the environment variables presented in the following table. Note that any unset variables will be replaced with their default values.

Variable Description Default
MF_THINGS_LOG_LEVEL Log level for Things (debug, info, warn, error) error
MF_THINGS_DB_HOST Database host address localhost
MF_THINGS_DB_PORT Database host port 5432
MF_THINGS_DB_USER Database user mainflux
MF_THINGS_DB_PASS Database password mainflux
MF_THINGS_DB Name of the database used by the service things
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_MODE Database connection SSL mode (disable, require, verify-ca, verify-full) disable
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_CERT Path to the PEM encoded certificate file
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_KEY Path to the PEM encoded key file
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_ROOT_CERT Path to the PEM encoded root certificate file
MF_THINGS_CLIENT_TLS Flag that indicates if TLS should be turned on false
MF_THINGS_CA_CERTS Path to trusted CAs in PEM format
MF_THINGS_CACHE_URL Cache database URL localhost:6379
MF_THINGS_CACHE_PASS Cache database password
MF_THINGS_CACHE_DB Cache instance name 0
MF_THINGS_ES_URL Event store URL localhost:6379
MF_THINGS_ES_PASS Event store password
MF_THINGS_ES_DB Event store instance name 0
MF_THINGS_HTTP_PORT Things service HTTP port 8182
MF_THINGS_AUTH_HTTP_PORT Things service Auth HTTP port 8989
MF_THINGS_AUTH_GRPC_PORT Things service Auth gRPC port 8181
MF_THINGS_SERVER_CERT Path to server certificate in pem format
MF_THINGS_SERVER_KEY Path to server key in pem format
MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_EMAIL User email for standalone mode (no gRPC communication with users)
MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_TOKEN User token for standalone mode that should be passed in auth header
MF_JAEGER_URL Jaeger server URL localhost:6831
MF_AUTH_GRPC_URL Auth service gRPC URL localhost:8181
MF_AUTH_GRPC_TIMEOUT Auth service gRPC request timeout in seconds 1s

Note that if you want things service to have only one user locally, you should use MF_THINGS_STANDALONE env vars. By specifying these, you don't need auth service in your deployment for users' authorization.

Deployment

The service itself is distributed as Docker container. Check the things service section in docker-compose to see how service is deployed.

To start the service outside of the container, execute the following shell script:

# download the latest version of the service
git clone https://github.com/MainfluxLabs/mainflux

cd mainflux

# compile the things
make things

# copy binary to bin
make install

# set the environment variables and run the service
MF_THINGS_LOG_LEVEL=[Things log level] \
MF_THINGS_DB_HOST=[Database host address] \
MF_THINGS_DB_PORT=[Database host port] \
MF_THINGS_DB_USER=[Database user] \
MF_THINGS_DB_PASS=[Database password] \
MF_THINGS_DB=[Name of the database used by the service] \
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_MODE=[SSL mode to connect to the database with] \
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_CERT=[Path to the PEM encoded certificate file] \
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_KEY=[Path to the PEM encoded key file] \
MF_THINGS_DB_SSL_ROOT_CERT=[Path to the PEM encoded root certificate file] \
MF_HTTP_ADAPTER_CA_CERTS=[Path to trusted CAs in PEM format] \
MF_THINGS_CACHE_URL=[Cache database URL] \
MF_THINGS_CACHE_PASS=[Cache database password] \
MF_THINGS_CACHE_DB=[Cache instance name] \
MF_THINGS_ES_URL=[Event store URL] \
MF_THINGS_ES_PASS=[Event store password] \
MF_THINGS_ES_DB=[Event store instance name] \
MF_THINGS_HTTP_PORT=[Things service HTTP port] \
MF_THINGS_AUTH_HTTP_PORT=[Things service Auth HTTP port] \
MF_THINGS_AUTH_GRPC_PORT=[Things service Auth gRPC port] \
MF_THINGS_SERVER_CERT=[Path to server certificate] \
MF_THINGS_SERVER_KEY=[Path to server key] \
MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_EMAIL=[User email for standalone mode (no gRPC communication with auth)] \
MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_TOKEN=[User token for standalone mode that should be passed in auth header] \
MF_JAEGER_URL=[Jaeger server URL] \
MF_AUTH_GRPC_URL=[Auth service gRPC URL] \
MF_AUTH_GRPC_TIMEOUT=[Auth service gRPC request timeout in seconds] \
$GOBIN/mainfluxlabs-things

Setting MF_THINGS_CA_CERTS expects a file in PEM format of trusted CAs. This will enable TLS against the Users gRPC endpoint trusting only those CAs that are provided.

In constrained environments, sometimes it makes sense to run Things service as a standalone to reduce network traffic and simplify deployment. This means that Things service operates only using a single user and is able to authorize it without gRPC communication with Auth service. To run service in a standalone mode, set MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_EMAIL and MF_THINGS_STANDALONE_TOKEN.

Usage

For more information about service capabilities and its usage, please check out the API documentation.

Documentation

Overview

Package things contains the domain concept definitions needed to support Mainflux things service functionality.

Index

Constants

View Source
const (
	Viewer = "viewer"
	Editor = "editor"
	Admin  = "admin"
	Owner  = "owner"
)

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type Action added in v0.26.0

type Action struct {
	Type string `json:"type"`
	Id   string `json:"id"`
}

type Backup

type Backup struct {
	Things       []Thing
	Profiles     []Profile
	Groups       []Group
	GroupMembers []GroupMember
}

type Config added in v0.24.0

type Config struct {
	ContentType string      `json:"content_type"`
	Write       bool        `json:"write"`
	Webhook     bool        `json:"webhook"`
	Transformer Transformer `json:"transformer"`
	Rules       []Rule      `json:"rules"`
}

type Group

type Group struct {
	ID          string
	OrgID       string
	Name        string
	Description string
	Metadata    Metadata
	CreatedAt   time.Time
	UpdatedAt   time.Time
}

Group represents the group information.

type GroupCache added in v0.25.0

type GroupCache interface {
	// RemoveGroupEntities removes all entities related to the group identified by ID.
	RemoveGroupEntities(context.Context, string) error

	// SaveGroupMember stores member's role for given group ID.
	SaveGroupMember(context.Context, string, string, string) error

	// ViewRole returns a group member role by given groupID and memberID.
	ViewRole(context.Context, string, string) (string, error)

	// RemoveGroupMember removes a group member from cache.
	RemoveGroupMember(context.Context, string, string) error

	// GroupMemberships returns the IDs of the groups the member belongs to.
	GroupMemberships(context.Context, string) ([]string, error)
}

GroupCache contains group caching interface.

type GroupMember added in v0.24.0

type GroupMember struct {
	GroupID  string
	MemberID string
	Email    string
	Role     string
}

type GroupMembers

type GroupMembers interface {
	// CreateGroupMembers creates members of the group identified by the provided ID.
	CreateGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, token string, gms ...GroupMember) error

	// ListGroupMembers retrieves a page of members for a group that is identified by the provided ID.
	ListGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, token, groupID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupMembersPage, error)

	// UpdateGroupMembers updates members of the group identified by the provided ID.
	UpdateGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, token string, gms ...GroupMember) error

	// RemoveGroupMembers removes members of the group identified by the provided ID.
	RemoveGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, token, groupID string, memberIDs ...string) error
}

type GroupMembersPage added in v0.24.0

type GroupMembersPage struct {
	apiutil.PageMetadata
	GroupMembers []GroupMember
}

type GroupMembersRepository added in v0.26.0

type GroupMembersRepository interface {
	// Save saves group members.
	Save(ctx context.Context, gms ...GroupMember) error

	// RetrieveRole retrieves group role by group ID and member ID.
	RetrieveRole(ctc context.Context, gp GroupMember) (string, error)

	// RetrieveByGroup retrieves page of group members by group ID.
	RetrieveByGroup(ctx context.Context, groupID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupMembersPage, error)

	// RetrieveAll retrieves all group members. This is used for backup.
	RetrieveAll(ctx context.Context) ([]GroupMember, error)

	// RetrieveGroupIDsByMember retrieves the IDs of the groups to which the member belongs
	RetrieveGroupIDsByMember(ctx context.Context, memberID string) ([]string, error)

	// Remove removes group members.
	Remove(ctx context.Context, groupID string, memberIDs ...string) error

	// Update updates group members.
	Update(ctx context.Context, gms ...GroupMember) error
}

type GroupPage

type GroupPage struct {
	apiutil.PageMetadata
	Groups []Group
}

GroupPage contains page related metadata as well as list of groups that belong to this page.

type GroupRepository

type GroupRepository interface {
	// Save group
	Save(ctx context.Context, g Group) (Group, error)

	// Update a group
	Update(ctx context.Context, g Group) (Group, error)

	// Remove a groups
	Remove(ctx context.Context, groupIDs ...string) error

	// RetrieveByID retrieves group by its id
	RetrieveByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (Group, error)

	// RetrieveByIDs retrieves groups by their ids
	RetrieveByIDs(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupPage, error)

	// RetrieveAll retrieves all groups.
	RetrieveAll(ctx context.Context) ([]Group, error)

	// RetrieveIDsByOrgMember retrieves org group IDs the member belongs to
	RetrieveIDsByOrgMember(ctx context.Context, orgID, memberID string) ([]string, error)

	// RetrieveIDsByOrg retrieves all group IDs by org
	RetrieveIDsByOrg(ctx context.Context, orgID string) ([]string, error)

	// RetrieveByAdmin retrieves all groups with pagination.
	RetrieveByAdmin(ctx context.Context, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupPage, error)
}

GroupRepository specifies a group persistence API.

type Groups

type Groups interface {
	// CreateGroups adds groups to the user identified by the provided key.
	CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, token string, groups ...Group) ([]Group, error)

	// UpdateGroup updates the group identified by the provided ID.
	UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, token string, g Group) (Group, error)

	// ViewGroup retrieves data about the group identified by ID.
	ViewGroup(ctx context.Context, token, id string) (Group, error)

	// ListGroups retrieves page of all groups.
	ListGroups(ctx context.Context, token string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupPage, error)

	// ListGroupsByOrg retrieves page of groups that are assigned to an org identified by ID.
	ListGroupsByOrg(ctx context.Context, token, orgID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (GroupPage, error)

	// ListThingsByGroup retrieves page of things that are assigned to a group identified by ID.
	ListThingsByGroup(ctx context.Context, token, groupID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// ListProfilesByGroup retrieves page of profiles that are assigned to a group identified by ID.
	ListProfilesByGroup(ctx context.Context, token, groupID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ProfilesPage, error)

	// ViewGroupByThing retrieves group that thing belongs to.
	ViewGroupByThing(ctx context.Context, token, thingID string) (Group, error)

	// RemoveGroups removes the groups identified with the provided IDs.
	RemoveGroups(ctx context.Context, token string, ids ...string) error

	// ViewGroupByProfile retrieves group that profile belongs to.
	ViewGroupByProfile(ctx context.Context, token, profileID string) (Group, error)
}

type Identity

type Identity struct {
	ID    string
	Email string
}

Identity contains ID and Email.

type Metadata

type Metadata map[string]interface{}

Metadata to be used for Mainflux thing or profile for customized describing of particular thing or profile.

type Notifier

type Notifier struct {
	ID       string
	GroupID  string
	Name     string
	Contacts []string
	Metadata Metadata
}

type NotifiersPage added in v0.23.0

type NotifiersPage struct {
	apiutil.PageMetadata
	Notifiers []Notifier
}

type Profile

type Profile struct {
	ID       string
	GroupID  string
	Name     string
	Config   map[string]interface{}
	Metadata map[string]interface{}
}

Profile represents a Mainflux "communication group". This group contains the things that can exchange messages between each other.

type ProfileCache added in v0.24.0

type ProfileCache interface {
	// SaveGroup stores group ID by given profile ID.
	SaveGroup(context.Context, string, string) error

	// RemoveGroup removes group ID by given profile ID.
	RemoveGroup(context.Context, string) error

	// ViewGroup returns group ID by given profile ID.
	ViewGroup(context.Context, string) (string, error)
}

ProfileCache contains profile caching interface.

type ProfileRepository added in v0.24.0

type ProfileRepository interface {
	// Save persists multiple profiles. Profiles are saved using a transaction. If one profile
	// fails then none will be saved. Successful operation is indicated by non-nil
	// error response.
	Save(ctx context.Context, prs ...Profile) ([]Profile, error)

	// Update performs an update to the existing profile. A non-nil error is
	// returned to indicate operation failure.
	Update(ctx context.Context, c Profile) error

	// RetrieveByID retrieves the profile having the provided identifier, that is owned
	// by the specified user.
	RetrieveByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (Profile, error)

	// RetrieveByThing retrieves the profile connected to the given thing id.
	RetrieveByThing(ctx context.Context, thID string) (Profile, error)

	// Remove removes the profiles having the provided identifiers, that is owned
	// by the specified user.
	Remove(ctx context.Context, id ...string) error

	// RetrieveAll retrieves all profiles for all users.
	RetrieveAll(ctx context.Context) ([]Profile, error)

	// RetrieveByAdmin retrieves all profiles for all users with pagination.
	RetrieveByAdmin(ctx context.Context, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ProfilesPage, error)

	// RetrieveByGroupIDs retrieves the subset of profiles specified by given group ids.
	RetrieveByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ProfilesPage, error)
}

ProfileRepository specifies a profile persistence API.

type ProfilesPage added in v0.24.0

type ProfilesPage struct {
	apiutil.PageMetadata
	Profiles []Profile
}

ProfilesPage contains page related metadata as well as list of profiles that belong to this page.

type PubConfInfo added in v0.24.0

type PubConfInfo struct {
	PublisherID   string
	ProfileConfig map[string]interface{}
}

type Rule added in v0.26.0

type Rule struct {
	Field     string   `json:"field"`
	Operator  string   `json:"operator"`
	Threshold float64  `json:"threshold"`
	Actions   []Action `json:"actions"`
}

type Service

type Service interface {
	// CreateThings adds things to the user identified by the provided key.
	CreateThings(ctx context.Context, token string, things ...Thing) ([]Thing, error)

	// UpdateThing updates the thing identified by the provided ID, that
	// belongs to the user identified by the provided token.
	UpdateThing(ctx context.Context, token string, thing Thing) error

	// UpdateThingsMetadata updates the things metadata identified by the provided IDs, that
	// belongs to the user identified by the provided token.
	UpdateThingsMetadata(ctx context.Context, token string, things ...Thing) error

	// UpdateKey updates key value of the existing thing. A non-nil error is
	// returned to indicate operation failure.
	UpdateKey(ctx context.Context, token, id, key string) error

	// ViewThing retrieves data about the thing identified with the provided
	// ID, that belongs to the user identified by the provided key.
	ViewThing(ctx context.Context, token, id string) (Thing, error)

	// ListThings retrieves data about subset of things that belongs to the
	// user identified by the provided key.
	ListThings(ctx context.Context, token string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// ListThingsByOrg retrieves page of things that belong to an org identified by ID.
	ListThingsByOrg(ctx context.Context, token string, orgID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// ListThingsByProfile retrieves data about subset of things that are
	// connected or not connected to specified profile and belong to the user identified by
	// the provided key.
	ListThingsByProfile(ctx context.Context, token, prID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// RemoveThings removes the things identified with the provided IDs, that
	// belongs to the user identified by the provided key.
	RemoveThings(ctx context.Context, token string, id ...string) error

	// CreateProfiles adds profiles to the user identified by the provided key.
	CreateProfiles(ctx context.Context, token string, profiles ...Profile) ([]Profile, error)

	// UpdateProfile updates the profile identified by the provided ID, that
	// belongs to the user identified by the provided key.
	UpdateProfile(ctx context.Context, token string, profile Profile) error

	// ViewProfile retrieves data about the profile identified by the provided
	// ID, that belongs to the user identified by the provided key.
	ViewProfile(ctx context.Context, token, id string) (Profile, error)

	// ListProfiles retrieves data about subset of profiles that belongs to the
	// user identified by the provided key.
	ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, token string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ProfilesPage, error)

	// ListProfilesByOrg retrieves page of profiles that belong to an org identified by ID.
	ListProfilesByOrg(ctx context.Context, token string, orgID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ProfilesPage, error)

	// ViewProfileByThing retrieves data about profile that have
	// specified thing connected or not connected to it and belong to the user identified by
	// the provided key.
	ViewProfileByThing(ctx context.Context, token, thID string) (Profile, error)

	// ViewMetadataByKey retrieves metadata about the thing identified by the given key.
	ViewMetadataByKey(ctx context.Context, thingKey string) (Metadata, error)

	// RemoveProfiles removes the things identified by the provided IDs, that
	// belongs to the user identified by the provided key.
	RemoveProfiles(ctx context.Context, token string, ids ...string) error

	// GetPubConfByKey determines whether the profile can be accessed using the
	// provided key and returns thing's id if access is allowed.
	GetPubConfByKey(ctx context.Context, key string) (PubConfInfo, error)

	// GetConfigByThingID returns profile config for given thing ID.
	GetConfigByThingID(ctx context.Context, thingID string) (map[string]interface{}, error)

	// CanUserAccessThing determines whether a user has access to a thing.
	CanUserAccessThing(ctx context.Context, req UserAccessReq) error

	// CanUserAccessProfile determines whether a user has access to a profile.
	CanUserAccessProfile(ctx context.Context, req UserAccessReq) error

	// CanUserAccessGroup determines whether a user has access to a group.
	CanUserAccessGroup(ctx context.Context, req UserAccessReq) error

	// CanThingAccessGroup determines whether a given thing has access to a group with a key.
	CanThingAccessGroup(ctx context.Context, req ThingAccessReq) error

	// Identify returns thing ID for given thing key.
	Identify(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error)

	// GetGroupIDByThingID returns a thing's group ID for given thing ID.
	GetGroupIDByThingID(ctx context.Context, thingID string) (string, error)

	// Backup retrieves all things, profiles, groups, and groups members for all users. Only accessible by admin.
	Backup(ctx context.Context, token string) (Backup, error)

	// Restore adds things, profiles, groups, and groups members from a backup. Only accessible by admin.
	Restore(ctx context.Context, token string, backup Backup) error

	Groups

	GroupMembers
}

Service specifies an API that must be fullfiled by the domain service implementation, and all of its decorators (e.g. logging & metrics).

func New

New instantiates the things service implementation.

type Thing

type Thing struct {
	ID        string
	GroupID   string
	ProfileID string
	Name      string
	Key       string
	Metadata  Metadata
}

Thing represents a Mainflux thing. Each thing is owned by one user, and it is assigned with the unique identifier and (temporary) access key.

type ThingAccessReq added in v0.25.0

type ThingAccessReq struct {
	Key string
	ID  string
}

type ThingCache

type ThingCache interface {
	// Save stores pair thing key, thing id.
	Save(context.Context, string, string) error

	// ID returns thing ID for given key.
	ID(context.Context, string) (string, error)

	// Remove removes thing from cache.
	Remove(context.Context, string) error

	// SaveGroup stores group ID by given thing ID.
	SaveGroup(context.Context, string, string) error

	// ViewGroup returns group ID by given thing ID.
	ViewGroup(context.Context, string) (string, error)

	// RemoveGroup removes group ID by given thing ID.
	RemoveGroup(context.Context, string) error
}

ThingCache contains thing caching interface.

type ThingRepository

type ThingRepository interface {
	// Save persists multiple things. Things are saved using a transaction. If one thing
	// fails then none will be saved. Successful operation is indicated by non-nil
	// error response.
	Save(ctx context.Context, ths ...Thing) ([]Thing, error)

	// Update performs an update to the existing thing. A non-nil error is
	// returned to indicate operation failure.
	Update(ctx context.Context, t Thing) error

	// UpdateKey updates key value of the existing thing. A non-nil error is
	// returned to indicate operation failure.
	UpdateKey(ctx context.Context, id, key string) error

	// RetrieveByID retrieves the thing having the provided identifier, that is owned
	// by the specified user.
	RetrieveByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (Thing, error)

	// RetrieveByKey returns thing ID for given thing key.
	RetrieveByKey(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error)

	// RetrieveByGroupIDs retrieves the subset of things specified by given group ids.
	RetrieveByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// RetrieveByProfile retrieves the subset of things assigned to the specified profile.
	RetrieveByProfile(ctx context.Context, prID string, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)

	// Remove removes the things having the provided identifiers, that is owned
	// by the specified user.
	Remove(ctx context.Context, ids ...string) error

	// RetrieveAll retrieves all things for all users.
	RetrieveAll(ctx context.Context) ([]Thing, error)

	// RetrieveByAdmin retrieves all things for all users with pagination.
	RetrieveByAdmin(ctx context.Context, pm apiutil.PageMetadata) (ThingsPage, error)
}

ThingRepository specifies a thing persistence API.

type ThingsPage

type ThingsPage struct {
	apiutil.PageMetadata
	Things []Thing
}

ThingsPage contains page related metadata as well as list of things that belong to this page.

type Transformer

type Transformer struct {
	DataFilters  []string `json:"data_filters"`
	DataField    string   `json:"data_field"`
	TimeField    string   `json:"time_field"`
	TimeFormat   string   `json:"time_format"`
	TimeLocation string   `json:"time_location"`
}

type UserAccessReq added in v0.25.0

type UserAccessReq struct {
	Token  string
	ID     string
	Action string
}

Directories

Path Synopsis
api
Package api contains API-related concerns: endpoint definitions, middlewares and all resource representations.
Package api contains API-related concerns: endpoint definitions, middlewares and all resource representations.
grpc
Package grpc contains implementation of things service gRPC API.
Package grpc contains implementation of things service gRPC API.
http
Package http contains implementation of things service HTTP API.
Package http contains implementation of things service HTTP API.
Package postgres contains repository implementations using PostgreSQL as the underlying database.
Package postgres contains repository implementations using PostgreSQL as the underlying database.
Package redis contains cache implementations using Redis as the underlying database.
Package redis contains cache implementations using Redis as the underlying database.
Package standalone contains implementation for auth service in single-user scenario.
Package standalone contains implementation for auth service in single-user scenario.
Package tracing contains middlewares that will add spans to existing traces.
Package tracing contains middlewares that will add spans to existing traces.

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